Ecosystem diversity describes the assemblage and interaction of species living together and the physical environment in a given area. Many of the habitat suitability and population models discussed in this book and elsewhere are decision-support models that allow managers to assess the relative trade-offs of management actions.There is a strong relationship between soil structure and soil C sequestration. While conservation of natural resources is a complex problem associated with various interests and objectives of the parties involved. In recent years, livelihoods for example, are increasingly conceptualized as partly the outcome of negotiations and bargaining between individuals with unequal power, even within households.
Resource utilization is the percentage of the resource capacity that is covered with tasks in a time period. It involves putting resources to their best use for human purposes in addition to preserving natural systems. Recent work presents indigenous knowledge systems as holistic ‘cultural–ecological’ systems – human-in-nature systems where the human and the ecological are tightly integrated, and where interactions between the two domains over a range of scales sustain the coupled systems over space and time.
The structure and dynamics of community and natural resources, use of quantitative and qualitative information, assessment of the conditions of natural resources and the livelihoods outcomes, all these aspects have to be understood and captured in the study of collective action in CBNRM.
Natural resource management deals with managing the way in which people and natural landscapes interact. Biodiversity encompasses the variety of all life on earth. The linkage method has become useful to explain the influence of external factors on the ecological and social processes at the local level. As linkage research combines multilevel (international, national, regional, local) analysis and systematic comparison and longitudinal study (LULCC of a forest to an agricultural system changes the hydrology patterns in the watershed and creates conflicts among water users. Measuring the social capital, an interhousehold network of relationships for livelihoods has therefore become increasingly important in studying collective action in the NRM sector (Government policy, regulations, officials’ preconceptions, and attitude together with the relationships that the community has with them and vertical and horizontal linkages and relationships with other organizations affect how community forestry functions and collective action is promoted. One important example was the peer review of the ESLT methodology done by a CSIRO-lead team (International Development Forester and Natural Resource Manager Community-based natural resources management (CBNRM) involves both physical and socioeconomic systems. Decreasing water demand can be obtained by changing cropping patterns, and/or by improving water management (better infrastructures and institutions).Further study for integrated natural resources management is necessary for sustainability of natural resources services. The PES concept seems promising for sustainability of natural resources services with the assumption that:Inducing LULCC in the upper catchment to increase water supply and decrease erosion may reduce sedimentation for the lower area.Reducing sedimentation in the lower area is costly.Changing the cropping system both upstream and downstream is providing good benefits for all parties.Educating all water users (both upstream and downstream) that integrated water resources management is necessary.Modeling has become widespread in natural resources management because models can be incredibly useful and practical tools. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V.URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128119891000038URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123869012000087URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128105238000148URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012386901200018XURL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128054512000028URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128054543000177URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123736314000010URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128053171000105URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080449104001012URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012805451200017XNatural Resource Management and Biodiversity ConservationDecision Making in Water Resources Policy and ManagementMethodological Approaches in Natural Resource ManagementRedefining Diversity & Dynamics of Natural Resources Management in Asia, Volume 4Can Uplanders and Lowlanders Share Land and Water Services? It recognises that people rely on these resources for their livelihoods – and also that people are critical in maintaining them. The formal as well as informal relationships that community members have among themselves, with outsiders, and with the broader economic as well as the political process and the methods to study their relationships rather than study of organizations only pose a new conceptual challenge in the field of CBNRM.The study of collective action to understand the relationships between people and natural resources without considering the outside organizations, economic, and sociopolitical forces that influence the collective action will therefore be incomplete and there is essentially a need for a combination of approaches, methods, and techniques. The chapter also highlights the importance of natural resources in local livelihoods. To tackle this problem, one of two alternative solutions can be used: decreasing water demand or increasing water supply. Ecological … As the cultural–ecological system evolves over time in response to both biophysical and social changes, so does the social memory, usually resulting in adaptive and resilient systems.